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Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
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Study on Optimization Strategy for the Composition Transition Gradient in SS 316L/Inconel 625 Functionally Graded

Qiang Zhu1, Xiaoyan Yu2, Ping Yao3

  • 1School of Robotics, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou 510091, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing the transition gradient in dual-wire arc additive manufacturing of SS 316L/Inconel 625 functionally graded materials (FGMs) eliminated defects. The study found 50 wt.% Inconel 625 yielded optimal mechanical properties.

Keywords:
composition transition gradientdual-wire arc additive manufacturingfunctionally graded materialsmechanical propertiesmicrostructureoptimization strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Metallurgy

Background:

  • Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) allows fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) by controlling wire feed speeds.
  • Developing SS 316L/Inconel 625 FGMs presents challenges in managing transition zones and preventing defects like cracking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To produce SS 316L/Inconel 625 FGMs using dual-wire arc additive manufacturing (D-WAAM).
  • To optimize transition gradients to enhance mechanical properties and mitigate defect formation, particularly grain boundary cracking.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dual-wire arc additive manufacturing (D-WAAM) to create SS 316L/Inconel 625 FGMs.
  • Implemented a compositional gradient optimization strategy, varying Inconel 625 content in transition zones.
  • Analyzed microhardness, tensile properties, and defect formation across different gradient compositions.

Main Results:

  • Identified a 20 wt.% Inconel 625 transition zone exhibiting significant grain boundary cracking, reduced microhardness, and poor tensile properties.
  • Observed elimination of cracks and improved microhardness and tensile properties as Inconel 625 content increased.
  • Determined that 50 wt.% Inconel 625 content in the transition zone resulted in the most optimal mechanical properties.

Conclusions:

  • The compositional gradient optimization strategy effectively eliminates regions prone to microdefects and poor mechanical performance.
  • Achieved superior overall mechanical characteristics in SS 316L/Inconel 625 FGMs through optimized transition gradients.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of D-WAAM in producing high-performance FGMs with tailored properties.