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Published on: September 1, 2018
Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status
Asmae Squalli Houssaini1, Salma Lamrabet1, Jean Paul Nshizirungu2
1Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco.
Abstract:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination of different immunotherapeutic approaches is proving satisfactory and promising. In view of the challenges of immunotherapy and the resistance of glioblastomas, the treatment of these tumors requires further efforts. In this review, we explore the obstacles that potentially influence the efficacy of the response to immunotherapy and that should be taken into account in clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, we identify the main biomarkers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential immunotherapeutic targets in glioblastoma, as well as the current status of clinical trials. This paper also lists proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles facing immunotherapy in glioblastomas.
Insights
Glioblastoma immunotherapy shows promise but faces challenges. This review explores obstacles and identifies biomarkers like isocitrate dehydrogenase for improved glioblastoma treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Therapy
Background:
- Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis despite standard treatments.
- Current research focuses on immunotherapy, including vaccines, CAR T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy, showing promising clinical trial results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current immunotherapeutic approaches for glioblastoma.
- To explore obstacles influencing immunotherapy efficacy and resistance in glioblastomas.
- To identify key biomarkers and propose solutions for overcoming treatment challenges.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of glioblastoma immunotherapy.
- Analysis of clinical trial data and biomarker research.
- Identification of challenges and proposed solutions for enhancing treatment response.
Main Results:
- Immunotherapy combinations demonstrate promising outcomes in glioblastoma clinical trials.
- Key biomarkers such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase are identified as potential targets.
- Obstacles to immunotherapy efficacy and glioblastoma resistance are detailed.
Conclusions:
- Despite challenges, immunotherapy offers a promising avenue for glioblastoma treatment.
- Addressing identified obstacles and leveraging biomarkers are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
- Further research and clinical trial optimization are needed to overcome glioblastoma resistance to immunotherapy.
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