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Multi-scale boron penetration toward stabilizing nickel-rich cathode.

Bianzheng You1, Zhixing Wang1,2,3, Yijiao Chang1

  • 1School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

Fundamental Research
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A boron penetration strategy enhances nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by improving stability and kinetics, addressing commercialization challenges.

Keywords:
Gas evolutionIntergranular cracksLithium boratesLithium-ion diffusion kineticsNickel-rich layered oxidesTrace boron doping

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Nickel-rich layered oxides (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, x ≥ 0.8) are key for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (>300 Wh kg-1).
  • Commercialization is limited by poor cycling stability and rate capability due to intergranular cracks and sluggish kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the cycling stability and rate capability of nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials.
  • To address intergranular cracks and sluggish lithium-ion diffusion kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-scale boron penetration strategy was applied to polycrystalline LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 particles pre-treated with pore construction.
  • Lithium borate was introduced into grain gaps to act as a binder and enhance lithium-ion diffusion pathways.
  • Trace boron doping was used to strengthen the structure via B-O bonds.

Main Results:

  • Intergranular cracks were ameliorated, and lithium-ion diffusion kinetics were improved.
  • Parasitic reactions and gas evolution were suppressed due to a protective coating layer.
  • The boron-modified sample (0.5% boron, B5-NCM) showed a higher initial discharge capacity (205.5 mAh g-1 at 0.1C) and improved capacity retention (81.7% after 100 cycles at 1C).
  • Rate performance was enhanced, with B5-NCM achieving 175.6 mAh g-1 at 5C, compared to 154.6 mAh g-1 for the unmodified sample (B0-NCM).

Conclusions:

  • The boron penetration strategy effectively improves the structural integrity and electrochemical performance of nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes.
  • Boron modification offers a promising approach to overcome the limitations of these materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries.