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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...

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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Fluoroquinolone-Induced Multisystem Toxicity: A Case Report.

Zakary D Landers1, Asra Mazhar2

  • 1Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, USA.

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|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluoroquinolone-associated disability (FQAD) is a severe condition affecting multiple systems, often diagnosed late. Early recognition of FQAD is crucial for prompt treatment and avoiding extensive, costly medical evaluations.

Keywords:
antibiotic selectioncase reportfluoroquinolonefqadneuropathypublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Fluoroquinolones are common antibiotics with known side effects.
  • Fluoroquinolone-associated disability (FQAD) is a severe, underrecognized complication impacting multiple body systems for over 30 days post-antibiotic cessation.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old male developed acute bilateral extremity numbness and tingling after two ciprofloxacin doses.
  • Despite 18 months of extensive specialist evaluations, the cause remained undiagnosed, leading to symptom progression.

Findings:

  • The patient, suspecting FQAD, underwent therapies including hyperbaric oxygen and IV magnesium/glutathione, showing mild improvement.
  • Treatment cessation due to financial burden from prior workups resulted in no further symptom improvement.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical need for early FQAD recognition to initiate timely treatment and prevent unnecessary diagnostic costs.
  • Raising clinician awareness of FQAD as a potential fluoroquinolone complication is essential for improved patient outcomes.