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Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of liters or ounces may require conversion of quantities to cups. Or, when looking up directions on how to get to a location, we may be interested to know how many miles we are going to walk. In this case, we would have to convert units of feet or meters to miles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Published on: May 23, 2021

Temporary Anchorage Device Misplaced into Infratemporal Space - A Case Report.

R Mahesh Kumar¹, Subham Dutta¹, Swadhinata Handique²

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Dental Research : Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research

|June 27, 2024

Summary

Infra Zygomatic Crest (IZC) screws offer an alternative to temporary anchoring devices (TADs) in orthodontics. Proper anatomical knowledge and site selection are crucial for successful IZC screw placement and retrieval, especially in accidental displacement cases.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

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Published on: May 16, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

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Published on: May 23, 2021

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

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Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Orthodontics
Surgical Anatomy

Background:

Temporary anchoring devices (TADs) are utilized in orthodontics to control tooth movement.
Limitations of conventional TADs have led to the development of innovative solutions.
Infra Zygomatic Crest (IZC) screws represent a novel approach for orthodontic anchorage.

Observation:

This case study highlights the importance of anatomical knowledge for IZC screw placement.
Accurate site selection is paramount for successful IZC screw implantation.
Displacement of an IZC screw necessitates precise localization and prompt retrieval.

Findings:

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an effective diagnostic tool for locating displaced IZC screws.
Immediate surgical retrieval of a displaced IZC screw under local anesthesia is feasible.
Retrieval from the infratemporal space prevented further complications in this case.

Implications:

Emphasizes the critical role of understanding craniofacial anatomy in orthodontic procedures.
Underscores the necessity of meticulous planning and execution in TAD and IZC screw placement.
Demonstrates the successful management of an intraoperative complication involving an IZC screw.