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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.3K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.4K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Designed to Degrade: Tailoring Polyesters for Circularity.

Celine V Aarsen1, Anna Liguori1,2, Rebecca Mattsson1

  • 1Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

Chemical Reviews
|June 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing circular polyesters requires molecular design for enhanced recycling and biodegradation. Tailoring ester bonds and incorporating dynamic groups improves end-of-life options for sustainable plastic alternatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Plastics

Background:

  • The current linear plastic economy necessitates a transition to circular models.
  • Polyesters like poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) show promise for mechanical and chemical recycling.
  • Aliphatic polyesters offer biodegradability under specific conditions, like industrial composting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance polyester circularity through molecular design for diverse end-of-life scenarios.
  • To enable greener chemical recycling and faster biodegradation in less favorable environments.
  • To explore polyester-based replacements for high-volume plastics.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular design of polyester chains incorporating easily hydrolyzable ester bonds.
  • Introduction of additional dynamic bonds within the polyester backbone.
  • Integration of degradation-catalyzing functional groups and green catalysts (e.g., enzymes).

Main Results:

  • Polyester molecular architecture can be tailored to improve recyclability and biodegradability.
  • Easily hydrolyzable bonds and dynamic linkages facilitate chemical recycling and degradation.
  • Enzyme-embedded biodegradable polyesters show potential for accelerated biodegradation.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular engineering of polyesters is key to advancing plastic circularity.
  • Optimized polyesters can serve as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics.
  • Enzyme-assisted degradation offers a promising route for biodegradable polyesters.