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Related Concept Videos

Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion01:08

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Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine secretion is the most common type of exocrine secretion. The secretions are enclosed in vesicles and moved to the cell's apical surface, where the contents are released by exocytosis. For example, mucous, a watery secretion rich in the glycoprotein mucin, is a merocrine secretion. The eccrine...
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Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

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Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
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Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions01:13

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Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their secretory products.
Serous glands produce watery secretions rich in digestive enzymes and proteins. The constituent cells of the serous gland have centrally located nuclei and eosinophilic secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The parotid gland is an example of a serous gland. It secretes saliva, which contains enzymes, such as lipases and...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Genetic Modification and Recombination of Salivary Gland Organ Cultures
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Salivary gland developmental mechanics.

E Angelo Morales1, Shaohe Wang1

  • 1Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|June 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Salivary gland development relies on mechanical forces. The interplay between pliable outer epithelial cells and a rigid inner core drives branching morphogenesis, forming the gland’s structure.

Keywords:
Basement membraneBranching morphogenesisBuddingCell adhesionCleftingSalivary gland

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Salivary glands develop complex tree-like structures through branching morphogenesis.
  • This process generates an epithelial surface essential for saliva production and delivery.
  • Understanding the mechanical underpinnings is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of mechanical forces in salivary gland morphogenesis.
  • To investigate how varying mechanical properties within the developing gland contribute to its structure.
  • To highlight the influence of the basement membrane and mesenchyme on gland architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the structural and mechanical properties of the developing salivary gland.
  • Characterization of epithelial cell behavior, including motility and adhesion.
  • Examination of the basement membrane and surrounding mesenchyme.

Main Results:

  • The developing salivary gland exhibits distinct mechanical properties: a fluidic, pliable outer epithelial sheet and a rigid inner core.
  • High cell motility and weak cell-cell adhesion characterize the outer layer, while reduced motility and strong adhesion define the inner core.
  • Interactions between these layers, along with mechanical constraints from the basement membrane and mesenchyme, drive budding and shape the final gland architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical forces are fundamental to salivary gland branching morphogenesis.
  • Differential mechanical properties within the developing gland orchestrate its complex, hierarchical structure.
  • The basement membrane and mesenchyme provide crucial mechanical cues for higher-order architectural development.