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Tinnitus update: what can be done for the ringing?

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Chronic, disabling tinnitus significantly impacts quality of life, affecting sleep, cognition, and mental well-being. While no cure exists, multidisciplinary approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) offer effective management for bothersome tinnitus.

Keywords:
hearing disorderspathophysiologysubjective tinnitustinnitustinnitus management

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Psychiatry
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, affects many patients.
  • While often benign, tinnitus can become debilitating, impacting sleep, cognition, and psychological well-being.
  • Chronic, disabling tinnitus presents a complex challenge with multifactorial causes and perpetuating biopsychosocial factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of tinnitus pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment.
  • To guide internal physicians in managing patients with chronic, disabling tinnitus.
  • To highlight evidence-based interventions for bothersome tinnitus.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on tinnitus.
  • It focuses on pathophysiology, assessment strategies, and treatment modalities.
  • Emphasis is placed on a multidisciplinary approach for managing disabling tinnitus.

Main Results:

  • No pharmacological treatments are proven effective for chronic, disabling tinnitus.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is recommended, targeting comorbid psychiatric conditions.
  • Hearing aids for hearing loss and specialized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are key interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most valuable evidence-based intervention for bothersome tinnitus.
  • A multidisciplinary strategy is crucial for managing the complex, multifactorial nature of disabling tinnitus.
  • Further research is needed, but current management focuses on symptom burden reduction and quality of life improvement.