Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

From the Editor - in - Chief: Featured papers in the June 2022 issue.

American journal of surgery·2022

Same author

Leadership Development Among Junior Surgery Residents: Communication and Perception.

The Journal of surgical research·2022

Same author

Parathyroidectomy for Normocalcemic Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: A 19-Year Experience.

The Journal of surgical research·2022

Same author

Are We Undertreating Black Patients with Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors? Critical Analysis of Current Surveillance Guidelines by Race.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2022

Same author

From the Editor - In - Chief: Featured papers in the May 2022 issue.

American journal of surgery·2022

Same author

Public Humiliation in the Surgical Clerkship: Qualitative Analysis of Responses to the Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

Complex Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Hereditary and Recurrent Disease.

Sanjana Balachandra¹, Jessica Fazendin¹, Herbert Chen¹

¹Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue South, Suite 505, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|June 29, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Primary hyperparathyroidism surgery is highly successful, but reoperations for persistent or recurrent disease are challenging. Radioguided parathyroidectomy offers a safe and effective solution for these complex cases.

Keywords:

Familial hyperparathyroidism Persistent hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism Recurrent hyperparathyroidism Reoperative parathyroidectomy

More Related Videos

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Genetics

Background:

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often sporadic but can be linked to genetic syndromes like MEN1 or HPT-JT.
Accurate diagnosis of hereditary PHPT relies on detailed patient history and physical examination.
While parathyroidectomy offers a cure for most patients (>95% success), persistent or recurrent disease necessitates reoperation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of radioguided parathyroidectomy in patients with hereditary hyperparathyroidism or those requiring reoperative surgery.
To highlight the challenges associated with reoperative parathyroidectomy and the importance of specialized surgical care.

Main Methods:

Review of cases involving patients with hereditary hyperparathyroidism or recurrent/persistent disease requiring reoperation.
Application of radioguided localization techniques during parathyroidectomy.
Emphasis on thorough preoperative assessment, including review of initial surgical records, and experienced surgical management.

Main Results:

Reoperative parathyroidectomy presents significant technical challenges, particularly in localizing the affected parathyroid gland.
Radioguided parathyroidectomy demonstrated safe and effective outcomes in patients with hereditary PHPT and those undergoing reoperation.
High-volume surgeons and meticulous preoperative planning are crucial for successful reoperative procedures.

Conclusions:

Radioguided parathyroidectomy is a valuable tool for managing complex cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, including hereditary forms and recurrent disease.
Successful reoperation requires careful patient selection, thorough preoperative evaluation, and experienced surgical intervention.
This technique enhances the ability to localize and remove aberrant parathyroid tissue, improving outcomes in challenging reoperative scenarios.