14-3-3 Family of Proteins: Biological Implications, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Intervention in Cancer,

Zheng Yao Low1, Ashley Jia Wen Yip1, Alvin Man Lung Chan2

  • 1School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.

Insights

The 14-3-3 proteins are crucial for cell regulation but linked to diseases like cancer and viral infections. Understanding their interactions may reveal future therapeutic targets for these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The 14-3-3 proteins are conserved acidic eukaryotic proteins involved in numerous cellular processes.
  • Their functions include cell cycle regulation and gene transcription control.
  • Dysregulation of 14-3-3 proteins is implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, properties, and biological functions of 14-3-3 proteins.
  • To discuss the implications of 14-3-3 proteins in diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and viral infections.
  • To explore the potential of 14-3-3 proteins as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on 14-3-3 proteins.
  • Analysis of the role of 14-3-3 proteins in various disease contexts.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting 14-3-3 proteins.

Main Results:

  • 14-3-3 proteins exhibit an inverse correlation in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate 14-3-3 proteins for replication.
  • The review covers the known functions and disease associations of 14-3-3 proteins.

Conclusions:

  • 14-3-3 proteins are vital signaling mediators with significant roles in health and disease.
  • Targeting 14-3-3 proteins presents a promising therapeutic avenue for cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections.
  • Further research into 14-3-3 protein interactions is crucial for developing novel treatments.

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
6.8K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.3K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
3.9K
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
8.7K
Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...
1.7K