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Indicators02:39

Indicators

48.6K
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
48.6K
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

53.2K
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
53.2K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

2.8K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
2.8K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

31.7K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
31.7K
Acid&#8211;Base Titration: Overview01:26

Acid–Base Titration: Overview

9.9K
An acid-base titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base, using a titrant of known concentration–either a base for acid titration or an acid for base titration. The process involves gradually adding the titrant, leading to a predictable change in the pH of the solution. This change is plotted on a titration curve, showing how a solution's pH varies with the amount of titrant added. Such curves are instrumental in monitoring the...
9.9K
Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

29.5K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
29.5K

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Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors
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Efficient and Accurate pH Determination with pH Test Strips Based on Machine Learning.

Xiao Long Xiong1, Yun Peng Ma2, Hui Liu2

  • 1College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a machine learning approach for accurate pH value determination using pH test strips, overcoming lighting interferences. The method enhances reliability for quantitative pH analysis in various scientific fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate pH determination is vital across scientific disciplines.
  • pH test strips offer a convenient, cost-effective method for qualitative pH estimation.
  • Existing quantitative methods using pH test strips are susceptible to environmental factors like lighting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated, reliable method for quantitative pH determination using pH test strips.
  • To mitigate errors caused by environmental lighting conditions in pH analysis.
  • To enhance the accuracy and robustness of pH measurement from test strip images.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of artificial features from pH test strip images.
  • Application of a feature selection strategy based on SHAP importance for optimal feature identification.
  • Integration of multiple machine learning algorithms with a stacking fusion strategy for robust pH prediction.

Main Results:

  • The developed method effectively automates quantitative pH determination.
  • It overcomes limitations posed by environmental lighting interference.
  • Experimental results confirm the convenience, effectiveness, and high reliability of the approach.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed machine learning-based method provides a reliable solution for quantitative pH determination using test strips.
  • This approach enhances the utility of pH test strips in diverse scientific applications.
  • The automated system offers a significant improvement over traditional methods, especially in variable lighting conditions.