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Related Concept Videos

Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Fluctuating selection in a Monkeyflower hybrid zone.

Diana Tataru1, Max De Leon1, Spencer Dutton1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.

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|July 1, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hybridization between monkeyflower species may introduce beneficial drought traits but also carries risks. Selection pressures, not hybrid advantage, maintain these hybrid zones, influencing gene flow.

Keywords:
adaptationhybridizationnatural selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hybridization was historically viewed as detrimental to evolution.
  • Recent research highlights hybridization's role in adaptation and speciation.
  • The influence of environmental variation on hybrid zone maintenance is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adaptive hybridization between *Mimulus guttatus* and *Mimulus laciniatus*.
  • To determine the role of spatial and temporal selection in maintaining natural hybrid zones.
  • To assess the fitness of parental species and hybrids across varying environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Reciprocal transplants of parental and hybrid monkeyflower generations.
  • Experiments conducted over two years with contrasting rainfall (dry 2021, wet 2023) in Sierra Nevada, CA.
  • Detailed environmental measurements within hybrid and parental zones.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid zones were environmentally similar to the drought-adapted *M. laciniatus* habitat.
  • Hybrids showed no consistent fitness advantage; selection primarily acted against parental species.
  • *M. laciniatus* exhibited higher fitness than *M. guttatus* across habitats, with selection favoring *M. laciniatus*-like traits in dry years.
  • Evidence of genetic incompatibilities in later-generation hybrids during wet years.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization may facilitate the introgression of drought-adaptive traits from *M. laciniatus* into *M. guttatus*.
  • The maintenance of hybrid zones is driven by a balance of positive and negative selection, not solely hybrid advantage.
  • Genetic incompatibilities and varying selection pressures interact to shape gene flow patterns in *Mimulus* hybrid zones.