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A 10-Channel, 120 nW/Channel, Reconfigurable Capacitance-to-Digital Converter for Sub- μW Robust Wearable Sensing.

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    This study introduces a low-power, 10-channel reconfigurable capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) for wearable sensors. It achieves ultra-low power consumption, enabling efficient sub-microwatt sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Integrated Circuits
    • Sensor Technology
    • Wearable Electronics

    Background:

    • Wearable sensing applications require low-power, high-performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
    • Existing capacitance-to-digital converters (CDCs) often face challenges with power consumption and adaptability for diverse sensing needs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a reconfigurable, multi-channel CDC with ultra-low power consumption for wearable applications.
    • To enable adaptive sensing capabilities, including range and speed, through reconfigurability.
    • To improve measurement accuracy by incorporating parasitic correction and baseline calibration.

    Main Methods:

    • A 10-channel, shared 6-bit differential ADC architecture was designed.
    • A capacitive divider-based approach was used, avoiding power-hungry operational trans-impedance amplifiers.
    • On/off-chip parasitic correction and baseline calibration were implemented to measure capacitance change (ΔC).
    • Programmable channel access, random interrupt protection, and channel monitoring logic were incorporated.

    Main Results:

    • The developed CDC achieves a total power consumption of 1.2 μW at a 1.6 kHz sampling frequency, an 8.6x reduction compared to prior work.
    • Measured ΔC ranges were 5.34 pF (1x sensitivity) and 1.8 pF (3x sensitivity).
    • The 10-channel CDC was successfully tested with a dimethyl-methylphosphonate (DMMP) gas sensor in gas chromatography (GC).
    • The design was implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, occupying 0.251 mm² of active area.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed reconfigurable CDC significantly reduces power consumption for wearable sensing.
    • The adaptive sensing capabilities and measurement accuracy make it suitable for various applications, including gas sensing.
    • This work demonstrates a promising solution for next-generation low-power wearable electronic systems.