Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

235
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
235
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

822
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
822
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

42.2K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
42.2K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

156
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
156
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

52.3K
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
52.3K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

23.9K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
23.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Accuracy and Resource Advantages of Quantum Eigenvalue Estimation with Non-Hermitian Transcorrelated Electronic Hamiltonians.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Exact factorization of unitary transformations with spin-adapted generators.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Quantum Gambling: Best-Arm Strategies for Generator Selection in Adaptive Variational Algorithms.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Quantum Seniority-Based Subspace Expansion: Linear Combinations of Short-Circuit Unitary Transformations for the Electronic Structure Problem.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

On the Feasibility of Exact Unitary Transformations for Many-Body Hamiltonians.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Multistate Iterative Qubit Coupled Cluster (MS-iQCC): A Quantum-Inspired, State-Averaged Approach to Ground- And Excited-State Energies.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

14.6K

Probing Quantum Efficiency: Exploring System Hardness in Electronic Ground State Energy Estimation.

Seonghoon Choi1,2, Ignacio Loaiza1,2,3, Robert A Lang1,2

  • 1Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|July 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Quantum algorithms show promise for electronic structure calculations, as their resource needs are largely independent of classical hardness. Initial state preparation is key, suggesting quantum methods may outperform classical ones in challenging molecular systems.

More Related Videos

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

9.6K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

14.6K
All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

9.6K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Electronic Structure Theory

Background:

  • Classical electronic structure methods face challenges in accurately estimating ground state energies for complex molecular systems.
  • System hardness is a critical factor determining the computational cost of classical algorithms like coupled cluster and configuration interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between classical and quantum algorithm hardness in ground state energy estimation.
  • To evaluate the performance of Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) for classically challenging systems.

Main Methods:

  • Defined classical hardness using energy deviations from exact values during bond dissociation.
  • Assessed quantum hardness via circuit depth, measurement counts, and Hamiltonian encoding costs (Trotter, LCU) for VQE and QPE.
  • Analyzed resource requirements for quantum state preparation and energy expectation value calculation.

Main Results:

  • Quantum resource requirements, particularly for VQE and QPE, are largely independent of classical system hardness.
  • State preparation presents the primary challenge, impacting both VQE and QPE.
  • Achieving high overlap with the ground state is more feasible than obtaining energy within chemical precision.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum algorithms demonstrate potential for efficient electronic structure calculations, even in systems difficult for classical methods.
  • The efficiency of quantum methods is maintained in classically challenging regimes, offering a path to quantum advantage.
  • Further research into optimizing initial state preparation is crucial for realizing the full potential of quantum algorithms.