Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

Molecular Orbital Theory I

Molecular Orbital Theory I

Overview of Molecular Orbital Theory

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electronic Structure of Atoms

An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Accuracy and Resource Advantages of Quantum Eigenvalue Estimation with Non-Hermitian Transcorrelated Electronic Hamiltonians.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026

Same author

Exact factorization of unitary transformations with spin-adapted generators.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Mild and Selective Oxidation of 4-Alkylpyridines to 4-Acylpyridines under an Oxygen Atmosphere.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026

Same author

Quantum Gambling: Best-Arm Strategies for Generator Selection in Adaptive Variational Algorithms.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026

Same author

Implications from Geometric Phase for Circulating Far Away Conical Intersection(s).

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026

Same author

A Cell-Resolved Ultrastable Biosensor Enables One-Step Detection of Gene-Fusion Transcripts in Unprocessed Whole Blood.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quantum Seniority-Based Subspace Expansion: Linear Combinations of Short-Circuit Unitary Transformations for the

Smik Patel^1,2, Praveen Jayakumar^1,2, Rick Huang^1,2

¹Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

|April 7, 2026

Summary

Quantum SENiority-based Subspace Expansion (Q-SENSE) is a hybrid algorithm improving quantum computation. It uses artificial symmetries to reduce circuit depth, offering a scalable path to quantum advantage.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Quantum computing
Computational chemistry
Quantum algorithms

Background:

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and Configuration Interaction (CI) are key quantum-classical methods.
Existing methods like Quantum Subspace Expansion (QSE) face limitations on near-term quantum hardware.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce Quantum SENiority-based Subspace Expansion (Q-SENSE), a novel hybrid quantum-classical algorithm.
Address limitations of VQE, particularly circuit depth, on near-term quantum devices.

Main Methods:

Q-SENSE constructs Hamiltonian matrix elements on a quantum device and solves them classically.
It employs seniority operators as artificial symmetries to create orthogonal basis states.
This approach reduces the number of measured Hamiltonian terms by exploiting symmetries.

Main Results:

Q-SENSE effectively reduces circuit depth, a major challenge for VQE.
The method requires measuring fewer Hamiltonian terms compared to other expansion techniques.
It offers a scalable and resource-efficient route to achieving quantum advantage.

Conclusions:

Q-SENSE presents a promising advancement for quantum computation on near-term and early fault-tolerant devices.
The seniority-symmetry approach enhances the efficiency and scalability of quantum eigensolvers.
This algorithm facilitates practical applications of quantum advantage in computational chemistry and beyond.