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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research
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Functional variation among mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissue sources.

Ning Yi1,2,3, Qiao Zeng3, Chunbing Zheng4

  • 1Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

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|July 2, 2024
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Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources show distinct functional subpopulations. Tissue source, passage number, and low-oxygen culture influence MSC function, impacting regenerative medicine potential.

Keywords:
Hypoxic cultivationMesenchymal stromal cellsPassage numberRegenerative medicineReproductive system regenerationSingle-cell transcriptome profilingTissue sourceVascular regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess significant regenerative potential.
  • Clinical applications of MSCs are limited by variability due to tissue source, culture conditions, and passage number.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional heterogeneity of MSCs from different sources and culture conditions.
  • To identify how tissue origin, passage number, and hypoxia affect MSC subpopulations and their regenerative functions.

Main Methods:

  • MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue, chorionic villi, amniotic membrane, and umbilical cord.
  • Umbilical cord-derived MSCs were analyzed at different passages (P0, P3, P5) and under low-oxygen conditions (P5L).

Main Results:

  • MSCs formed six distinct functional subpopulations with varying proportions based on origin.
  • Adipose tissue-derived MSCs showed higher vascular regeneration potential.
  • Umbilical cord-derived MSCs cultured under low oxygen exhibited enhanced pro-angiogenic characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • MSC subpopulations differ significantly across tissue sources, passages, and culture conditions.
  • Findings suggest potential for personalized regenerative medicine strategies.
  • Optimizing MSC culture conditions can enhance specific regenerative functions for clinical applications.