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Bioengineered self-assembled nanofibrils for high-affinity SARS-CoV-2 capture and neutralization.

Molood Behbahanipour1, Susanna Navarro1, Oriol Bárcenas1

  • 1Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|July 2, 2024
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Summary

Researchers engineered amyloid nanofibrils to capture and neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. These novel protein materials show promise for antiviral coatings and diagnostic tools.

Keywords:
Amyloid FibrilsAntiviral BiomaterialsFunctional PolymersSARS-CoV-2Supramolecular Assemblies

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates novel antiviral strategies.
  • Amyloid proteins offer unique self-assembly properties for material development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer amyloid-based nanofibrils for capturing and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
  • To explore the potential of these nanofibrils as antiviral coatings and diagnostic tools.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic engineering of Sup35 yeast prion sequence fused with SARS-CoV-2 RBD capturing proteins (LCB1, LCB3).
  • Spontaneous self-assembly into amyloid-like fibrillar material under tuned conditions.
  • Assessment of nanofibril affinity for SARS-CoV-2 RBD and inhibition of ACE2 interaction.
  • Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) entrapment and neutralization.
  • Fabrication of patterned surfaces for selective RBD protein capture.

Main Results:

  • Homogeneous and well-dispersed amyloid-like nanofibrils were successfully synthesized.
  • Nanofibrils demonstrated high affinity for SARS-CoV-2 RBD, blocking ACE2 receptor binding.
  • The material effectively entrapped and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 VLPs with antibody-like potency.
  • Patterned surfaces capable of capturing RBD protein in wet environments were created.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered amyloid nanofibrils show significant potential for SARS-CoV-2 capture and neutralization.
  • These protein-only nanofibrils could be developed into effective disinfecting coatings.
  • The technology may also advance the development of sensitive viral sampling and diagnostic tools.