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Related Concept Videos

Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Conducting Developmental Research Online vs. In-Person: A Meta-Analysis.

Aaron Chuey1, Veronica Boyce1, Anjie Cao1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Open Mind : Discoveries in Cognitive Science
|July 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Online versus in-person psychological experiments with children show minimal differences in results. This meta-analysis found no significant variations in effect size between online and in-person data collection methods for developmental studies.

Keywords:
developmentmeta-analysismethodologyonline studies

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of online platforms for psychological experiments involving children.
  • Previous studies have compared online and in-person data collection for specific experiments, but a general understanding of the impact of data collection method is lacking.
  • Understanding the differences between online and in-person data collection is crucial for the validity and comparability of child psychology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis estimating the average difference in effect size between online and in-person developmental studies.
  • To determine if the data collection method (online vs. in-person) significantly impacts findings in child psychology research.
  • To explore potential moderators influencing the differences in effect size based on data collection method.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed on 211 effect sizes from 30 published papers.
  • The studies included 3282 children aged four months to six years.
  • Data were analyzed to compare effect sizes from online experiments with those from in-person experiments.

Main Results:

  • The average effect size for online studies was slightly smaller than for in-person studies (d = -0.05).
  • This difference was not statistically significant, with a 95% confidence interval of [-0.17, 0.07].
  • No significant moderation effects were found for dependent measures (looking vs. verbal), online study method (moderated vs. unmoderated), or child age.

Conclusions:

  • Current literature suggests that differences in results between in-person and online experimentation with children are generally small on average.
  • The findings support the use of online platforms for conducting psychological experiments with children, indicating comparable outcomes to traditional in-person methods.
  • Further research may explore specific contexts or populations where minor differences might emerge, but overall, online data collection appears reliable for developmental studies.