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Disparities in perinatal COVID-19 infection and vaccination

Bethany Dubois1, Alexandra N Mills1, Rebecca H Jessel2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology
|July 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic worsened health inequities for pregnant individuals, leading to unequal vaccination and infection rates. Systemic issues across social determinants of health drive these disparities in perinatal outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Health
  • Public Health
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and worsened existing health disparities in perinatal populations.
  • These disparities manifest as unequal maternal and fetal complication rates.
  • Existing social determinants of health frameworks require adaptation for the pandemic context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an adapted conceptual framework of perinatal social determinants of health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To contextualize literature on disparities in COVID-19 vaccination and infection among perinatal populations.
  • To identify gaps, propose mechanisms, and discuss mitigation strategies for observed disparities.

Main Methods:

  • This study employed a narrative review approach.
  • An adapted conceptual framework of perinatal social determinants of health was utilized.
  • Literature on COVID-19 vaccination and infection in perinatal populations was synthesized.

Main Results:

  • Systemic inequities at structural, socioeconomic, and intermediary levels influence perinatal COVID-19 vaccination and infection.
  • These inequities contribute to observed disparities in perinatal health outcomes.
  • Gaps in the literature and potential mechanisms for disparities were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing systemic inequities across social determinants of health is crucial for mitigating disparities in perinatal COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Targeted strategies are needed to improve vaccination rates and reduce infection risks in vulnerable perinatal populations.
  • Further research is required to fully understand and address the complex interplay of factors affecting perinatal health during pandemics.

Keywords:
CDC, Centers for disease control and preventionCOVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SMM, Severe maternal morbidity

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