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Circulating Levels of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and
Tara Reshadmanesh1, Amir Hossein Behnoush2,3, Maedeh Farajollahi4
1School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
Insights
Elevated calprotectin levels are linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This inflammatory marker shows potential for diagnosing CAD and predicting adverse events in patients.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Calprotectin (MRP8/14) is an immune cell-derived protein implicated in inflammatory diseases.
- Previous studies suggest altered calprotectin levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) and its subtypes.
- This meta-analysis systematically investigates the association between calprotectin and CAD.
Approach:
- A comprehensive systematic search was performed across four major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science).
- Data from 20 studies involving 3300 CAD patients and 1230 controls were extracted and analyzed.
- Random-effect meta-analysis was employed to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) and confidence intervals (CI) for calprotectin levels.
Key Points:
- Patients with CAD exhibited significantly higher blood calprotectin levels compared to controls (SMD 0.81, p<0.01).
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients showed elevated calprotectin compared to stable CAD.
- No significant difference in calprotectin was found between stable CAD and healthy controls.
Conclusions:
- Calprotectin serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for CAD and ACS.
- Elevated calprotectin may predict major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in CAD patients.
- Further research is warranted to explore the pathophysiological role and clinical utility of calprotectin in cardiovascular disease.
Background:
Calprotectin, also known as MRP8/14, is generated by immune cells and is altered in several inflammatory diseases. Studies have assessed their levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its subtypes (stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome [ACS]). Herein, we aimed to systematically investigate these associations through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in four online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. Relevant studies were retrieved, screened, and extracted. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed for the calculation of standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Blood calprotectin levels were compared between CAD patients and controls, as well as CAD subtypes.
Results:
A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, comprising 3300 CAD patients and 1230 controls. Patients with CAD had significantly higher calprotectin levels (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.32-1.30, p < 0.01). Similarly, patients with ACS were reported to have higher levels compared to those with stable CAD. However, there was no significant difference in terms of blood calprotectin levels between stable CAD cases and healthy controls. Finally, studies have shown that calprotectin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD while also predicting major adverse events and mortality in these patients.
Conclusion:
Based on our findings, calprotectin, as an inflammatory marker, could be used as a possible biomarker for patients with CAD and ACS. These suggest the possibility of pathophysiological pathways for this involvement and warrant further research on these associations as well as their clinical utility.
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