[Advances in mapping analysis of ribonucleic acid modifications through sequencing].

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Bioinformatics

Background:

• Over 170 RNA modifications exist, influencing gene expression, RNA stability, and protein translation.
• These modifications form the epitranscriptome, a crucial layer of gene regulation.
• Advances in detection technologies enable single-base resolution and transcriptome-wide analysis of RNA modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent progress in RNA modification detection technologies.
• To focus on the principles, advantages, and limitations of various sequencing methods.
• To guide future development of RNA modification mapping and epitranscriptomics research.

Main Methods:

• Direct high-throughput sequencing
• Antibody-enrichment sequencing
• Enzyme-assisted sequencing
• Chemical labeling-assisted sequencing
• Metabolic labeling sequencing
• Nanopore sequencing

Main Results:

• Each method has unique advantages and limitations regarding resolution, specificity, and applicability.
• Direct sequencing offers simplicity but limited modification analysis.
• Antibody enrichment provides broad mapping but limited resolution.
• Chemical labeling and enzyme-assisted methods offer improved accuracy and resolution but face specificity challenges.
• Nanopore sequencing is direct but requires robust data analysis.

Conclusions:

• Continued development of RNA modification detection technologies is essential.
• Addressing limitations like antibody specificity and data analysis is crucial.
• Improved methods will advance understanding of epitranscriptomics, RNA functions, and clinical applications.