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Root plasticity improves maize nitrogen use when nitrogen is limiting: an analysis using 3D plant modelling.

Jie Lu1,2, Jan A Lankhost1,3, Tjeerd Jan Stomph1

  • 1Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.

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|July 6, 2024
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Summary

Plant phenotypic plasticity enhances nitrogen (N) uptake and yield, especially under N-limited conditions. These plastic traits are valuable targets for crop breeding to improve N acquisition across various N availabilities.

Keywords:
Functional–structural plant modelmaizephenotypic plasticityroot emergence rateroot system architectureroot-to-leaf ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Plant phenotypic plasticity is crucial for nitrogen acquisition and utilization.
  • The quantitative role of plasticity in nitrogen (N) availability remains unclear, impacting its selection potential.
  • Understanding plasticity's contribution to N use efficiency is vital for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the role of phenotypic plasticity in maize (Zea mays) N uptake and yield across varying N availabilities.
  • To determine if plastic responses in root-to-leaf biomass allocation and axial root emergence are beneficial under N limitation.
  • To assess the potential of these plastic traits as targets for crop breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Combined greenhouse experiments and simulation modeling.
  • Investigated plasticity in root-to-leaf biomass allocation ratio and axial root emergence rate in maize.
  • Simulated maize stands with and without these plastic responses across six N levels.

Main Results:

  • Both plastic responses significantly improved N uptake and plant productivity as N availability decreased.
  • Plasticity helped maintain higher N uptake compared to non-plastic responses under N-limited conditions.
  • The benefits of plasticity for internal N use were most pronounced under N-limited conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic plasticity in root-to-leaf allocation and axial root emergence is a valuable trait for enhancing N uptake in maize across N levels.
  • These plastic traits may be effective targets for breeding programs aimed at improving N use efficiency.
  • A priori model analysis is recommended to identify optimal plastic traits for crop improvement, especially given the complexity of breeding for plasticity.