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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
905
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
12.2K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.3K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.3K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

9.1K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

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Histone deacetylase complexes: Structure, regulation and function.

Moges Dessale Asmamaw1, Ang He2, Li-Rong Zhang1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|July 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes are crucial epigenetic regulators involved in gene expression and DNA repair. Understanding their structure and function is vital for developing therapies for diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
CoREST complexHistone deacetylaseNuRD complexSMRT/NCoR complexSin3 complex

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry of Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators.
  • HDACs function within large multiprotein corepressor complexes.
  • These complexes are essential for regulating critical biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, function, and regulation of HDAC-bearing complexes.
  • To explore the role of HDAC complexes in disease development.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting HDAC complexes.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes information from existing literature.
  • Key aspects of HDAC complexes are presented.
  • Focus is on structure, function, regulation, disease, and therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • HDAC complexes like Sin3, NuRD, CoREST, and SMRT/NCoR are common.
  • These complexes activate solitary HDACs.
  • Dysregulated HDAC complex function is linked to human diseases, notably cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HDAC complexes is vital for comprehending their roles in health and disease.
  • Targeting HDAC complexes offers potential therapeutic avenues for various diseases.
  • Further illustration of HDAC complexes aids in designing targeted therapies.