Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

2.5K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...
2.5K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

3.1K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.1K
Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

5.8K
Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates...
5.8K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

3.3K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.3K
Amines: Introduction01:07

Amines: Introduction

4.3K
Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.
4.3K
Basicity of Aromatic Amines01:18

Basicity of Aromatic Amines

7.1K
The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
7.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polysubstituted guanidine-based receptors for the selective extraction of pertechnetate anions from high-level waste.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Xerogel-Derived Bis-Imidazole Semiconductors: Chain-Length-Controlled Gelation and Polycrystalline Blue OLED Emission.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Laboratory modeling of microbial and chemical clay minerals transformations of upper aquifer soils under intensive technogenic impact.

Journal of contaminant hydrology·2026
Same author

The role of neptunium oxidation states and coordination in shaping XANES spectra at the Np L<sub>3</sub> absorption edge.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

From database to prediction: Machine learning for 5-f elements coordination using actinide x-ray experimental spectra (AXES) collection.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Copper Complexes of the Biginelli-Type Ligand: Effect of Solvents and Halide Ions on Crystal Structure.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same journal

A<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>(PS<sub>4</sub>)(P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (A = K, Rb, Cs) Synthesized by the Metal Oxide-Boron-Chalcogen Routine: A Series of Zirconium-Based Thiophosphate Nonlinear Optical Crystals Featuring PS<sub>4</sub> Tetrahedron and P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub> Dimer.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

A Vapor-Liquid Interface Reaction Leading to the Isolation of an "Oxo-Rich" {Mo<sub>36</sub>} Polyoxometalate Compound for Proton Conductivity Studies.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Spatial Arrangement of Porphyrin-Eu(III) Ions on Apatite Nanoparticles.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Controlling Spin States in Metallosupramolecular Iron(II) Grid Architectures through Light, Temperature, and Protonation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Overall Water-Splitting Enabled by Bifunctional NiPd/Pd Heterodimer Fabricated via In Situ Etching-Growth Route.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Luminescent Ir<sup>III</sup>-Au<sup>I</sup> Heterobimetallic Complex with a Carbene Bridging Ligand.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.1K

Ammonium Polyuranates: Old Dog, New Structural Tricks.

Evgeny Gerber1, Anna D Krot1,2, Vladimir V Chernyshev1,2

  • 1A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the crystal structures of ammonium polyuranates, showing they are similar to U(VI) oxohydroxides but with ammonium and water in interlayers. These findings are crucial for nuclear fuel cycle applications.

More Related Videos

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials
08:55

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

8.0K
Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.1K
Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials
08:55

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

8.0K
Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nuclear Chemistry

Background:

  • Ammonium polyuranates are compounds within the UO3-NH3-H2O system.
  • Understanding their crystal structure is vital for nuclear fuel cycle applications, including actinide precipitation and fuel fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and elucidate the crystal structure of ammonium polyuranates.
  • To characterize the stoichiometry and local structure of synthesized ammonium polyuranate compounds.
  • To compare the structures of ammonium polyuranates with known uranium oxohydroxides.

Main Methods:

  • Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) for defining single-phase samples and solving crystal structures.
  • Elemental analysis for determining compound stoichiometry.
  • Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and vibrational spectroscopy for local structure elucidation.

Main Results:

  • Two ammonium polyuranate compositions were identified: 3UO3·NH3·5H2O and 2UO3·NH3·3H2O.
  • Both compounds exhibit a local structure resembling metaschoepite (UO3·2H2O) with interlayer H2O and NH4+ groups.
  • Structural analysis revealed significant modifications compared to UO3·2H2O due to ammonium substitution, with unique anion topologies.

Conclusions:

  • Ammonium polyuranates possess distinct crystal structures related to U(VI) oxohydroxides, featuring pentagonal bipyramidal U-O polyhedra.
  • The substitution of water by ammonium leads to notable structural changes, including variations in lattice parameters and layer topology.
  • These findings provide critical insights into the UO3-NH3-H2O system and have implications for nuclear fuel cycle management and precursor development.