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Sediment subduction in Hadean revealed by machine learning.

Jilian Jiang1,2, Xinyu Zou3, Ross N Mitchell1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early Earth

Keywords:
HadeanS-type granitemachine learningsubductionzircon

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Early Earth geology
  • Planetary science

Background:

  • Hadean Eon (pre-4 billion years ago) geological processes are poorly understood due to scarce rock samples.
  • Jack Hills zircons are key Hadean samples, but their trace element signatures lack consensus.
  • Understanding early Earth tectonics and weathering is crucial for the origin of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a machine learning classifier to interpret zircon geochemical fingerprints.
  • To identify the origins of Hadean detrital zircons.
  • To reconstruct early Earth's geological activity and surface conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a machine learning classifier for geochemical fingerprinting of zircon.
  • Analyzed trace element signatures in Jack Hills zircons.
  • Examined global detrital zircon records across geological time.

Main Results:

  • Identified the oldest detrital zircons originating from sedimentary-derived "S-type" granites.
  • Confirmed the presence of S-type granites as early as 4.24 billion years ago (Ga).
  • Revealed consistent supercontinent-like cycles from the Hadean to the present, indicating active tectonics.

Conclusions:

  • Hadean Earth experienced significant continental crust exposure, weathering, and subduction.
  • Early operation of subaerial weathering and plate tectonics was necessary for observed S-type granites.
  • Hadean tectonic cycles suggest an early Earth with habitable surface conditions, potentially supporting life in environments like warm ponds.