Early Extrusion of an Anterior Odontoid Screw: A Case Report

Odontoid fractures in the elderly typically require surgical intervention due to poor adaptability to conservative treatment. Anterior screw fixation, despite its high fusion rates under specific conditions, may lead to complications such as screw extrusion, as demonstrated in the case discussed, necessitating subsequent posterior cervical fusion. This study aimed to describe early extrusion of an anterior odontoid screw and the importance of caution and thorough postoperative assessment in elderly patients undergoing anterior screw fixation for odontoid fracture. A 73-year-old female patient with a history of ground-level fall and subsequent cervical pain was diagnosed with an odontoid type II fracture and underwent odontoid screw placement in June 2023. However, in August, follow-up imaging revealed screw displacement and a fracture of the posterior arch of the C1 vertebral, which was initially overlooked. After seeking a second opinion, a new surgical approach was decided, involving removal and replacement of the odontoid screw, posterior and posterolateral C1-C2 spinal instrumentation, arthrodesis, and fusion with the use of morselized allograft. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 with mild cervical pain, wearing a soft collar, and neurologically intact. Given the current literature, odontoid screw extrusion rates are still small but can come with enormous potential complications. Also, the present case is a reminder to always double-check preoperative imaging and recognize early failure/malpositioning of hardware.