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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Perfusable Vascular Network with a Tissue Model in a Microfluidic Device
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A human pluripotent stem cell-based somitogenesis model using microfluidics.

Yue Liu1, Yung Su Kim1, Xufeng Xue1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new human somitogenesis model using microfluidics and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This advanced model controls biochemical and biomechanical cues to better understand early human development and somite formation.

Keywords:
biomechanicsembryo modelhuman developmenthuman pluripotent stem cellsin vitro modelingmicrofluidicssomitogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) enable the creation of embryo models for studying human embryogenesis.
  • Current hPSC-based somitogenesis models lack control over biochemical gradients and biomechanical signals, hindering the study of complex interactions.
  • Somitogenesis in vivo relies on intricate biochemical and biomechanical events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel human somitogenesis model that controls biochemical and biomechanical signals.
  • To investigate the roles of biochemical and biomechanical factors in somite formation.
  • To provide a microengineered platform for studying early human development.

Main Methods:

  • Confining hPSC-derived presomitic mesoderm (PSM) tissues in microfabricated trenches.
  • Applying exogenous microfluidic morphogen gradients to the PSM tissues.
  • Developing a mechanical theory to explain somite size dependency.
  • Utilizing the microfluidic model to study biomechanics in somite formation.

Main Results:

  • The microfluidic system successfully recapitulated axial patterning and spontaneous somite formation.
  • A mechanical theory explained the relationship between somite size and PSM dimensions.
  • The model revealed regulatory roles of cellular and tissue biomechanics in somite development.
  • The system demonstrated controlled somite formation under defined biochemical and biomechanical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A microengineered, hPSC-based somitogenesis model was successfully developed.
  • This model allows for the precise control of biochemical and biomechanical cues during somite formation.
  • The study provides new insights into the biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms governing human somitogenesis.
  • This platform advances the understanding of early human development and offers potential for disease modeling.