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Analyzing baseball pitcher data reveals that dividing pitch velocity into groups distorts findings. Treating velocity as a continuous variable provides a more accurate understanding of elbow valgus torque in pitchers.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Biomechanics
  • Baseball Analytics
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Pitch velocity is often analyzed by creating high- and low-velocity subgroups.
  • This approach may lead to analytical discrepancies when examining biomechanical factors like elbow valgus torque.
  • Pitch velocity naturally exists on a continuous spectrum, not discrete categories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the analytical discrepancies between subgrouping pitch velocity versus treating it as a continuous variable.
  • To examine the influence of ball velocity on elbow valgus torque using different analytical methods.
  • To provide recommendations for sports biomechanics researchers regarding data analysis of continuous variables.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of motion capture data from 1315 actively competing pitchers.
  • Comparison of three analytical methods: linear regression, median split t-test, and quartile split t-test.
  • Examination of the relationship between ball velocity and elbow valgus torque.

Main Results:

  • Linear regression showed ball velocity significantly influenced elbow valgus torque (R²=0.280).
  • Median splitting velocity groups reduced predictability (R²=0.180), while extreme group splitting artificially inflated effect size (R²=0.347).
  • Discretizing a continuous variable like pitch velocity distorts the relationship with dependent variables such as elbow valgus torque.

Conclusions:

  • Researchers should avoid discretizing continuous variables like pitch velocity into subgroups for analysis.
  • Treating pitch velocity as a continuous variable provides a more accurate representation of its relationship with biomechanical outcomes.
  • Regression analysis allows for precise estimation of dependent variables across the entire range of the independent variable.