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Related Concept Videos

Skewness01:06

Skewness

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The measures of central tendency calculated from a data set may not reveal much about its intrinsic distribution. If a plot is made of the data set’s values, the mean and the median may not only differ, but also the plot may have more values on one side of the central tendencies. Such a data set is said to be skewed towards that side.
The longer the tail of the plot on one side, the more skewed it is. The skewness of a data set’s values suggests that the measures of central tendency...
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Types of Skewness01:09

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If the frequency distribution of a data set is more inclined towards smaller or larger values, the distribution is said to be skewed. If data values are skewed to the right, then the distribution is called positively skewed. Conversely, if the plot is skewed to the left, the distribution is called negatively skewed.
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Time-Series Graph00:54

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A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct a time-series graph, one must look at both pieces of a paired data set. The horizontal axis is used to plot the time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that one is measuring. By using the axes in this way, each point on the graph will correspond to time and a measured quantity. The points on the graph...
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The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
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Synchronizing smart city nodes using Skew Integrated Timestamp (SIT).

Muhammad Usman Hashmi1, Muntazir Hussain2, Asghar Ali Shah1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Peerj. Computer Science
|July 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate time synchronization in smart cities is vital. A new Skew Integrated Timestamp (SIT) method uses one timestamp for efficient synchronization, saving resources and energy.

Keywords:
Skew correctionSmart citiesTime offsetTime synchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • Smart city infrastructure relies on precise time synchronization for coordinated operations.
  • Existing synchronization methods often involve multiple timestamp exchanges, increasing computational load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel time synchronization method for smart city networks.
  • To reduce computational and energy overhead in smart city time synchronization.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Skew Integrated Timestamp (SIT) method.
  • SIT calculates time skew from the physical layer and uses a single timestamp for synchronization.

Main Results:

  • The SIT method successfully synchronizes smart city nodes.
  • Experimental results indicate SIT's efficiency compared to traditional multi-timestamp methods.

Conclusions:

  • The Skew Integrated Timestamp (SIT) offers an efficient alternative for smart city time synchronization.
  • SIT conserves computational resources and energy, making it suitable for large-scale deployments.