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Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis
Siyuan Cheng1,2,3, Ivan Fan Xia1,2,3, Renate Wanner1,2,3
1Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.
Elife
|July 10, 2024
Summary
Blood flow guides vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation on brain arteries. Endothelial KLF2a activation by flow initiates this crucial process for cerebrovascular development and health.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Neuroscience
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are vital for regulating cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling.
- VSMC dedifferentiation is linked to cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration.
- The developmental process of VSMC differentiation on brain arteries is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the process of VSMC differentiation on the zebrafish circle of Willis (CoW).
- To identify mechanisms regulating VSMC differentiation on vertebrate brain arteries.
Main Methods:
- Zebrafish model system (circle of Willis)
- Analysis of endothelial cell (EC) and mural cell progenitor differentiation
- Blood flow analysis (red blood cell velocity, wall shear stress)
- Investigation of pulsatile flow effects on human cells
- Gene knockdown (klf2a) studies
Main Results:
- VSMC differentiation on CoW arteries follows endothelial arterial specification and mural cell recruitment.
- Differentiation progresses spatiotemporally from anterior to posterior CoW arteries.
- Blood flow, specifically shear stress, and endothelial KLF2a activation are critical for VSMC differentiation.
Conclusions:
- Blood flow-activated endothelial KLF2a is a key regulator of initial VSMC differentiation on brain arteries.
- Understanding this process may inform strategies for VSMC regeneration in cerebrovascular diseases.
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