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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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High-performance silicon photonic single-sideband modulators for cold-atom interferometry.

Ashok Kodigala1, Michael Gehl1, Gregory W Hoth1

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA.

Science Advances
|July 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We miniaturized laser systems for atom interferometers using silicon photonics. This enables compact quantum sensors by integrating functions onto a photonic chip, demonstrating precise gravity measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics and atomic physics
  • Integrated photonics and device engineering
  • Precision measurement and sensor technology

Background:

  • Laser systems are critical for light-pulse atom interferometers (LPAIs), enabling quantum gravity and inertial sensing.
  • Miniaturization and ruggedization of LPAIs require integrating complex laser functions.
  • Photonic integrated circuits offer a path towards compact and robust quantum sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a high-performance silicon photonic suppressed-carrier single-sideband (SC-SSB) modulator for LPAI applications.
  • To achieve dynamic frequency shifting and precise control of laser parameters within a miniaturized LPAI system.
  • To validate the performance of the integrated photonic modulator by demonstrating key LPAI functions and measuring gravitational acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a silicon photonic SC-SSB modulator operating at 1560 nm.
  • Independent control of radio frequency (RF) channels to achieve carrier and sideband suppression.
  • Investigation of RF signal amplitude and phase imbalances.
  • Integration of the modulator into a light-pulse atom interferometer setup using rubidium-87 atoms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 30-dB carrier suppression and 47.8-dB sideband suppression with a peak conversion efficiency of -6.846 dB (20.7%).
  • Demonstrated successful cold-atom generation and state-selective detection using the photonic system.
  • Observed clear atom interferometer fringes, enabling the measurement of gravitational acceleration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed silicon photonic SC-SSB modulator is suitable for miniaturized and ruggedized LPAIs.
  • Integrated photonics can effectively replace complex discrete laser components in quantum sensors.
  • The demonstrated system provides a precise measurement of gravitational acceleration (g ≈ 9.77 ± 0.01 m/s²), paving the way for portable quantum inertial sensors.