Study on the reduction of residual stress in laser cladding layers through groove texture

In order to develop a method for the production of crack-free cladding layers, we combined surface texturing technology with laser cladding, establishing a multi-field coupled numerical simulation model. A separate investigation was conducted into the temperature, stress, and fluid fields in laser cladding processes with and without texturing, seeking optimal cladding parameters, and conducted experiments. The results of the numerical simulations indicate that pre-set texturing effectively reduces the temperature gradient during the cladding process, thereby making the thermal cycle curve smoother. The residual stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions are reduced by 34.84%, 3.94%, and 50.22%, respectively. The introduction of texturing reduces the internal flow velocity of the melt pool, preventing the occurrence of a double vortex effect. Experimental results show that the residual stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions of the predefined textured cladding layer are reduced by approximately 41%, 8%, and 47%, respectively, compared to the non-textured cladding layer. This effectively improves the surface roughness and internal grain size of the cladding layer, with no significant defects at the metallurgical bonding positions, providing a reference for future improvements in cladding layer quality.