Human head-neck model and its application thresholds: a narrative review

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Computational Modeling
• Human Anatomy

Background:

• Human head-neck biomechanical models have seen continuous evolution over the past two decades.
• Computational approaches and physical tests are vital for studying head-neck system biomechanics and injuries across various fields.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of existing knowledge on head-neck modeling approaches, characteristics, validation, and applications.
• To identify deficiencies in current modeling practices and suggest future research directions, particularly concerning data for model validation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 74 human head-neck computational models published within the last 20 years.
• Analysis of modeling techniques, structural and biomechanical characteristics, validation methods, and applications.

Main Results:

• Most studies focused on physiopathology, treatment evaluation, collision conditions, and sports injuries using validated head-neck computational models.
• The review identified existing deficiencies in data for model validation and highlighted areas for future research.

Conclusions:

• The summarized information provides a foundation for future head-neck model development and application.
• Addressing data gaps for model validation is crucial for advancing the field.