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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors During Cancer Therapy: Benefits, Risks, and Ongoing Clinical Trials

Nichanan Osataphan1,2, Husam Abdel-Qadir1,3, Agnieszka Maria Zebrowska4,5

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Current Oncology Reports
|July 11, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) show promise in preventing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm their cardioprotective role in cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anthracyclines are vital chemotherapy agents but can cause cardiotoxicity.
  • Preventing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is crucial for cancer patient outcomes.
  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are approved for diabetes and heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current data on SGLT-2i for preventing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms and emerging evidence for SGLT-2i cardioprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and ongoing research.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of SGLT-2i action on the heart.

Main Results:

  • SGLT-2i may offer protection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity through various pathways.
  • Emerging evidence from basic science and observational studies supports this potential.
  • Proposed mechanisms include metabolic, hemodynamic, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT-2i show potential as a cardioprotective strategy in patients receiving anthracyclines.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are essential to establish definitive efficacy and safety.
Keywords:
CTRCDCancerCardiooncologyCardioprotectionCardiotoxicitySGLT2i

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