Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions02:17

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions

32.7K
Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes. 
32.7K
Coupled Reactions01:17

Coupled Reactions

7.7K
Cellular processes such as building and breaking down complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Cells often couple the energy-releasing reaction with the energy-requiring one to carry out important cell functions. 
Energy in adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work. ATP powers the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions....
7.7K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.5K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.5K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.1K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.1K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

7.9K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
7.9K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

2.5K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synergism in drug combination of new tuberculosis antibiotics for drug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Building an auxiliary diagnostic and treatment efficacy prediction model for adolescent depression using machine learning based on electroencephalography technology.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same author

Deuterated Water Accelerates Phase-Separated Droplet Formation and Enables Directional Motion.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Study on latent sweat fingermark visualization on typical combustible substrates after instantaneous thermal exposure.

Forensic science international·2026
Same author

Prediction of myelosuppression in cervical cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy by CT radiomics-based model.

BMC medical imaging·2026
Same author

Tandem WGSR-Inspired Nitroarene Reductive Carbonylative C-N Coupling for Nongaseous Amide Synthesis.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.2K

Mutualistic Synthesis from Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Reactions.

Yonglei Lyu1,2, Ying Hu3, Jinghui Yang1,2

  • 1MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces mutualistic synthesis in chemistry, where byproducts from two reactions enhance each other's production. This discovery supports origin of life theories and synthetic chemistry potential.

Keywords:
CatenanesDynamic combinatorial chemistryHydrazoneSupramolecular chemistrySystems chemistry

More Related Videos

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.0K
Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function
05:57

Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function

Published on: April 26, 2024

359

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.2K
Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.0K
Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function
05:57

Author Spotlight: In Silico Creation and Impact of Carbonylated Amino Acids on Protein Structure and Function

Published on: April 26, 2024

359

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Mutualistic interactions, benefiting all involved species, are well-studied in biology and economics.
  • Reciprocal relationships in synthetic chemical systems remain largely unexplored.
  • Understanding such systems can provide insights into early life evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel mutualistic synthesis in chemical systems.
  • To explore the amplification of minor products through cross-reaction catalysis.
  • To investigate the co-self-assembly of resulting molecules into complex structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two orthogonal dynamic combinatorial chemistry reactions: disulfide exchange and hydrazone exchange.
  • Generated dynamic combinatorial libraries from each reaction type.
  • Investigated the amplification of a minor tetrameric macrocycle from the disulfide library in the presence of the hydrazone library.

Main Results:

  • A minor tetrameric macrocycle from the disulfide library was quantitatively amplified by the hydrazone library.
  • The presence of the disulfide macrocycle activated the previously inert hydrazone reaction.
  • This led to the formation of a linear hydrazone species that interlocked with the disulfide tetramer, forming a catenane structure.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a functional mutualistic synthesis in synthetic chemistry, where distinct reactions support each other's production.
  • Provided experimental evidence supporting the