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Role of carnitine during development.

P R Borum

    Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neonates require carnitine for fatty acid utilization and survival. Human milk provides carnitine, but infant formulas and parenteral nutrition lack it, suggesting all infant diets may need carnitine supplementation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Fatty acids are a primary energy source for neonates.
    • Carnitine is essential for long-chain fatty acid metabolism and other critical neonatal functions.
    • Neonates have lower carnitine levels and biosynthesis capacity compared to adults.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the importance of carnitine in neonatal metabolism.
    • To identify dietary sources of carnitine for neonates.
    • To evaluate the adequacy of current infant nutrition in meeting carnitine requirements.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on carnitine metabolism in neonates.
    • Analysis of carnitine content in human milk, infant formulas, and parenteral nutrition.

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  • Comparison of carnitine levels in neonates versus older individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • Neonatal plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations are significantly lower than in adults.
    • Human milk is a natural source of carnitine for infants.
    • Soy-based formulas and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions are devoid of carnitine.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonates have a high metabolic demand for carnitine.
    • Current infant formulas and TPN may not meet neonatal carnitine needs.
    • Supplementation of carnitine in all infant diets warrants consideration.