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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
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Skeletal muscle dysfunction with advancing age.

Pardeep Pabla1, Eleanor J Jones1, Mathew Piasecki1,2,3

  • 1Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|July 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging reduces muscle mass and function, a condition called sarcopenia. This review explores sarcopenia

Keywords:
activityagingneuromuscularphysical functionskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Muscle Physiology
  • Aging and Healthspan Research

Background:

  • Global life expectancy has increased, but the health span (disease-free years) has not kept pace.
  • Skeletal muscle decline, or sarcopenia, significantly contributes to the gap between lifespan and health span.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and function.
  • To describe the broad implications of these declines.
  • To suggest mitigation strategies, including pharmaceutical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aging, sarcopenia, and muscle physiology.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to muscle mass and function loss.
  • Exploration of potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with reduced muscle protein synthesis and altered neural input.
  • Functional decline in muscle may be more pronounced than mass reduction due to neural factors.
  • Sarcopenia has severe clinical and societal consequences, impacting mortality, frailty, and independence.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is a critical aging issue impacting health span.
  • Understanding the multifactorial causes of sarcopenia is essential.
  • Strategies to mitigate muscle decline are vital for improving older adults' quality of life.