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Conjectures about the Chiral Phase Transition in QCD from Anomalous Multi-Instanton Interactions.

Robert D Pisarski¹, Fabian Rennecke^2,3

¹Department of Physics, <a href="https://ror.org/02ex6cf31">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, Upton, New York 11973.

Physical Review Letters

|July 12, 2024

Summary

Numerical simulations of lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) are exploring chiral phase transitions. Researchers show how exact chiral symmetry restoration can reduce U_{A}(1) symmetry breaking, offering testable lattice signals.

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Area of Science:

Theoretical and Computational Physics
High-Energy Physics
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Background:

Lattice QCD simulations have not yet confirmed the expected first-order chiral phase transition for light pions.
The anomalous U_{A}(1) symmetry in QCD is known to be broken, even in the chirally symmetric phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between the restoration of exact global chiral symmetry and the breaking of the anomalous U_{A}(1) symmetry in QCD.
To identify new, testable signals for lattice QCD simulations related to U_{A}(1) symmetry breaking.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of chiral symmetry restoration in QCD.
Exploration of the impact on anomalous U_{A}(1) symmetry breaking.
Proposal for lattice QCD simulations with varying numbers of flavors (one to four).

Main Results:

The restoration of exact global chiral symmetry can significantly reduce the breaking of the approximate, anomalous U_{A}(1) symmetry.
This reduction is predicted to be observable in lattice simulations.

Conclusions:

The interplay between chiral symmetry and U_{A}(1) symmetry breaking offers new avenues for understanding QCD.
Novel experimental signals are predicted in the chirally symmetric phase due to residual U_{A}(1) breaking, testable via lattice QCD.