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This study found no evidence of environmental effects on observed compact binary mergers. However, these effects can still bias current analyses, highlighting the need for future detectors like the Einstein Telescope.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Gravitational-wave astronomy

Background:

  • LIGO-Virgo analyses typically assume isolated compact binary mergers in a vacuum.
  • Astrophysical environments may influence these merger events, but their effects have been largely neglected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental effects on observed compact binary merger events.
  • To assess the formation channels of these mergers and the potential biases in current analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed events from the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 1 (GWTC-1) and two low-mass events from GWTC-2.
  • Searched for evidence of environmental influences on the gravitational wave signals.

Main Results:

  • No significant evidence for environmental effects was found across the analyzed events.
  • Most events exclude the dynamical fragmentation of massive stars as a formation channel.
  • GW170817 provided the tightest upper limit on medium density (≲21 g/cm³).

Conclusions:

  • Environmental effects, even if undetectable, can bias parameter estimations in vacuum models.
  • Future observatories like the Einstein Telescope and B-DECIGO will be capable of probing environmental effects from accretion disks and boson clouds.