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Updated: Jun 21, 2025
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Published on: May 5, 2018
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Antenatal screening for fetal structural anomalies - Routine or targeted practice?
Rani Haj Yahya1, Alina Roman2, Steven Grant2
1Department of Fetal Medicine, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Perinatal Research Group, Dept. Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Newborn, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Summary
Antenatal screening using ultrasound detects fetal anomalies in 3-6% of pregnancies. Early and targeted imaging, including MRI, aids in timely diagnosis, genetic testing, and planning for better fetal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical imaging
- Obstetrics
- Fetal medicine
Background:
- Antenatal screening identifies fetal structural anomalies in 3-6% of pregnancies.
- Early detection enables crucial counseling, genetic testing, and delivery planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of ultrasound and adjunctive MRI in antenatal screening for fetal anomalies.
- To discuss optimal timing and strategies for fetal anomaly detection.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on antenatal imaging techniques.
- Discussion of first, second, and third-trimester screening protocols.
- Integration of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetal assessment.
Main Results:
- Over 50% of severe fetal defects are detectable in the first trimester.
- Mid-trimester ultrasound offers a balance of detection and management timing.
- Adjunctive MRI provides additional structural and functional insights.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive antenatal screening, starting early, is vital for managing fetal anomalies.
- Targeted imaging by fetal medicine experts enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
- Multimodal imaging approaches improve phenotyping, genetic testing, and intervention planning.
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