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Strength Optimisation of Hybrid Bolted/Bonded Composite Joints Based on Finite Element Analysis
Raphael Blier1, Leila Monajati2, Masoud Mehrabian2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 13, 2024
Summary
Hybrid bolted/bonded (HBB) composite joints show lower stress concentrations than solely bolted joints. Optimizing HBB joint performance involves factors like adhesive properties and laminate thickness for improved load sharing.
Area of Science:
- Mechanical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Composite Materials
Background:
- Composite materials are increasingly used in structural applications.
- Joining composite structures presents unique challenges due to material anisotropy and damage sensitivity.
- Hybrid joining techniques, combining mechanical and adhesive bonding, offer potential advantages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the behavior of single-lap quasi-isotropic (QI) and cross-ply (CP) hybrid bolted/bonded (HBB) composite joints under tensile shear loading.
- To identify critical design factors influencing composite joint strength, failure modes, and load-sharing mechanisms.
- To optimize the performance of HBB composite joints.
Main Methods:
- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate the mechanical response of HBB joints.
- Analysis focused on stress concentrations around holes and adhesive layers.
- Parametric studies were conducted to assess the impact of various design factors on joint performance.
Main Results:
- HBB joints exhibit significantly lower stress concentrations compared to exclusively bolted joints, particularly in CP configurations.
- The redundancy of the middle bolt in a three-bolt HBB joint was confirmed.
- Adhesive stiffness and plasticity critically influence the transition from bolted to bonded joint behavior.
- Load-sharing potential is enhanced by reduced overlap, low-stiffness/high-plasticity adhesives, and thicker laminates in QI layups.
- Increased edge distance to hole diameter ratio and washer size reduce adhesive stresses and improve joint strength.
Conclusions:
- HBB joints offer superior stress distribution and strength compared to bolted-only configurations.
- Adhesive properties and laminate design are crucial for tailoring HBB joint performance.
- Design parameters such as overlap length, edge distance, and washer size can be optimized to enhance load sharing and joint durability.
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