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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Ionic Liquid-Based Immunization Patch for the Transdermal Delivery of Antigens.

Rashedul Islam1, Fahmida Habib Nabila1, Rie Wakabayashi1,2,3

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an ionic liquid-based solid in oil (IL-S/O) nanodispersion transdermal patch for ovalbumin (OVA) delivery. The IL-S/O patch demonstrated enhanced antigen delivery and immune response compared to aqueous formulations.

Keywords:
IL-S/O patchimmunizationionic liquidpressure-sensitive adhesivetransdermal drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Transdermal drug delivery systems are crucial for administering various therapeutics.
  • Macromolecular drugs, such as antigenic proteins, present challenges for conventional delivery methods.
  • Ionic liquid-based nanodispersions offer novel possibilities for drug formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an ionic liquid-based solid in oil (IL-S/O) nanodispersion transdermal patch for ovalbumin (OVA) delivery.
  • To assess the impact of different pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) on patch performance.
  • To investigate the in vitro skin penetration and in vivo immunogenicity of the developed patches.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of IL-S/O nanodispersion and incorporation into pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs).
  • Characterization of transdermal patches for morphology, viscoelasticity, and moisture content.
  • In vitro skin penetration studies using Yucatan micropig skin and in vivo immunization studies in mice.

Main Results:

  • The IL-S/O patches (SP-4098 and SP-4287) delivered 5.49-fold and 5.47-fold higher amounts of OVA compared to aqueous formulations.
  • Mice immunized with OVA-containing SP-4098 showed a 10-fold increase in anti-OVA IgG levels.
  • One PSA (DURO-TAK 87-4287) exhibited poor stability, detaching incompletely from the release liner.

Conclusions:

  • The IL-S/O transdermal patch is a promising platform for the effective delivery of macromolecular antigens like ovalbumin.
  • The choice of pressure-sensitive adhesive significantly influences patch stability and performance.
  • This novel patch formulation enhances antigen delivery and elicits a robust immune response.