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The Diagnostic Role of Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases in Children: A Critical Review of Paediatric

Armando Di Ludovico1, Marta Rinaldi2, Federico Lauriola1

  • 1Paediatric Department, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Skin lesions in children can signal serious rheumatic and autoinflammatory diseases like IgA vasculitis and juvenile lupus. Early skin assessment aids diagnosis and improves patient outcomes by enabling timely treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Skin lesions are common in pediatric rheumatic diseases, including IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and Kawasaki disease (KD).
  • Cutaneous manifestations can be early indicators of vasculitis and autoinflammatory disorders like juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (DM).
  • Certain conditions, such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), may present with skin involvement linked to poorer prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of skin assessment in diagnosing pediatric rheumatic and autoinflammatory diseases.
  • To emphasize the role of cutaneous manifestations as early diagnostic markers.
  • To underscore the impact of early diagnosis and treatment on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of various pediatric rheumatic and autoinflammatory conditions.
  • Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of skin lesions.
  • Correlation of cutaneous findings with systemic involvement and disease outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Skin lesions are crucial early indicators in IgA vasculitis and Kawasaki disease, prompting timely diagnosis to prevent organ damage.
  • Cutaneous manifestations in juvenile SLE and DM can precede systemic symptoms, offering a window for early intervention.
  • Specific skin findings in ARF and JIA are associated with unfavorable prognoses.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive skin assessment is vital for a holistic approach to pediatric patients with suspected systemic or multisystem disorders.
  • Identifying skin lesions aids in distinguishing between various rheumatological and autoinflammatory conditions.
  • Early recognition of cutaneous signs facilitates prompt diagnosis, treatment, and improved outcomes in pediatric rheumatic diseases.

Keywords:
paediatricskinvasculitis

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