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Drone-Borne Magnetic Gradiometry in Archaeological Applications.

Filippo Accomando¹, Giovanni Florio¹

¹Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 13, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a stable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) magnetic vertical gradiometer system for archaeological surveys. The developed system effectively minimizes noise, providing accurate magnetic data comparable to ground-based measurements.

Keywords:

UAV magnetic survey archaeological prospections vertical gradient configuration

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Area of Science:

Geophysics
Archaeological Science
Remote Sensing

Background:

Magnetometers in gradiometer configurations are essential for shallow archaeological surveys.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer efficient large-area magnetic data acquisition, even in difficult terrain.
Drone-borne vertical gradiometer surveys face challenges with system instability and noise interference.

Purpose of the Study:

To implement and validate a stable magnetic vertical gradiometer system for UAV-based archaeological surveys.
To address and mitigate noise issues inherent in drone-borne magnetic measurements.
To compare the efficacy of UAV-based vertical gradient data with traditional ground-based magnetic surveys.

Main Methods:

A magnetometer was suspended 3m below a UAV using ropes to reduce platform noise.
Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis identified magnetometer oscillation frequencies.
A low-pass filter was designed and applied to eliminate identified noise frequencies.

Main Results:

Controlled tests confirmed characteristic power spectrum peaks related to magnetometer oscillations.
The implemented low-pass filter successfully removed noise from the collected data.
Drone-borne vertical gradient magnetic data showed strong agreement with ground-based control measurements.

Conclusions:

The developed UAV magnetic vertical gradiometer system is a viable and effective tool for archaeological prospection.
The noise reduction techniques employed enhance the reliability of drone-borne magnetic survey data.
This technology offers a robust alternative to ground-based magnetic surveys, improving efficiency and safety.