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Related Concept Videos

Plasmodesmata02:32

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

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The Phragmoplast01:59

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

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Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
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Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Microscopic Analysis of Protein Localization at Plasmodesmata in Plants
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Author Spotlight: Microscopic Analysis of Protein Localization at Plasmodesmata in Plants

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New insights into plasmodesmata: complex 'protoplasmic connecting threads'.

Andrea A Zanini1, Tessa M Burch-Smith1

  • 1Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|July 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasmodesmata (PD) are vital for plant intercellular communication, coordinating development and environmental responses. Recent research reveals PD as dynamic signaling hubs, crucial for hormone signaling and plant acclimation.

Keywords:
AuxinC4 photosynthesisRBOHDbrassinosteroidplant virusplasmodesmatasystemic signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Intercellular communication is essential for multicellular organisms, including plants.
  • Plasmodesmata (PD) are membrane-lined channels connecting adjacent plant cells.
  • Historically viewed as passive conduits, PD are now recognized for active roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent breakthroughs in understanding plasmodesmata (PD) function.
  • To emphasize the role of PD in plant signaling and hormone pathways.
  • To illustrate PD's complexity in plant physiology, development, and environmental acclimation.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced biochemical approaches.
  • Molecular tools and techniques.
  • High-resolution imaging modalities.

Main Results:

  • Plasmodesmata (PD) are not passive but active signaling hubs.
  • PD play crucial roles in plant hormone signaling pathways.
  • Recent research reveals the structural and regulatory complexity of PD.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmodesmata (PD) are central to plant intercellular communication.
  • PD integrate physiological, developmental, and environmental signaling.
  • Understanding PD complexity is key to plant science.