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Kinetics and thermodynamic studies on oil extraction from Ghanaian cashew kernel using hexane
Emmanuel Boafo Baidoo1, Samuel Kofi Tulashie1,2, Michael Miyittah3
1Industrial Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Takoradi - Cape Coast Rd, Cape Coast, Central Region P.M.B. University Post Office, Ghana.
Cashew kernel oil extraction was optimized using solvent extraction, yielding 34.7% oil under specific conditions. The study confirms its feasibility for industrial applications, detailing key fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid.
Area of Science:
- Chemical Engineering
- Food Science
Background:
- Cashew kernels are a potential source of valuable oil.
- Understanding oil extraction parameters is crucial for industrial viability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize cashew kernel oil extraction using solvent extraction.
- To characterize the extracted oil for potential industrial applications.
Main Methods:
- Solvent extraction was employed at varying temperatures and times.
- Oil yield was determined, and kinetic analysis (first-order) was performed.
- Physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and functional groups (FTIR) were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Maximum oil yield of 34.7% achieved at 333 K and 130 min, following first-order kinetics.
- Key thermodynamic parameters (activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy) indicated a spontaneous and endothermic process.
- Major fatty acids identified include oleic acid (71%) and linoleic acid (32%).
- FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic oil functional groups (O-H, C-H, C-N, C=O, C-C, =C-H).
Conclusions:
- Solvent extraction is an effective method for obtaining cashew kernel oil.
- The extracted oil's composition and properties suggest suitability for industrial uses.
- Optimized extraction conditions enhance oil yield and confirm process feasibility.
