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Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

Fatigue methods for evaluating translucent dental zirconia.

Viviane Cantelli¹, Marcelo Tapparo Meirelles², Alvaro Della Bona¹

¹Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.

Journal of Dentistry

|July 15, 2024

Summary

This review highlights that the step-stress fatigue method is most common for evaluating translucent zirconia. However, few studies successfully replicate clinical failures in vitro, indicating a need for improved testing methods.

Keywords:

Dental materials Dentistry Fatigue Translucent zirconia

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Mechanical Testing

Background:

Translucent zirconia is increasingly used in dental restorations.
Understanding fatigue behavior and failure modes is crucial for clinical longevity.
Current in vitro testing methods may not fully replicate clinical failure scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review fatigue testing methods applied to translucent zirconia.
To correlate in vitro observed failures with clinically reported failure modes.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus.
Studies employing fatigue tests on dental translucent zirconia were included.
Forty-one studies were selected for qualitative synthesis.

Main Results:

The step-stress fatigue method was the most frequently utilized (18 studies).
Testing was predominantly performed in a wet environment using a stainless steel piston on cemented structures.
Fracture analysis commonly indicated failure initiation at the cementation or contact surface, or cervical margin for anatomical crowns.

Conclusions:

The step-stress method is prevalent for in vitro fatigue evaluation of translucent zirconia.
A significant gap exists, as only a small number of studies reported failures mirroring those seen in clinical applications.
Further refinement of in vitro fatigue testing is necessary to accurately predict the clinical performance and failure patterns of translucent zirconia restorations.