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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.2K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
118.2K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

33.0K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
33.0K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.4K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.4K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.6K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.6K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

62.7K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
62.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.4K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Molecular-docking electrolytes enable high-voltage lithium battery chemistries.

Baochen Ma1, Haikuo Zhang1, Ruhong Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Nature Chemistry
|July 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new electrolyte design for rechargeable lithium batteries. This strategy enhances lithium-ion reaction speed and stability, improving battery performance and longevity.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Conventional lithium battery electrolytes suffer from slow reaction kinetics and degradation due to high desolvation energy and poor electrode compatibility.
  • Limitations in lithium salt dissociation within non-coordinating solvents hinder the development of fast and stable lithium chemistries.
  • Achieving efficient Faradaic reactions while suppressing side reactions is crucial for ideal rechargeable lithium battery electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel electrolyte design strategy that overcomes limitations in lithium salt dissociation in non-coordinating solvents.
  • To enable fast and stable lithium chemistries by enhancing lithium-ion reaction kinetics.
  • To develop advanced electrolytes for high-voltage lithium batteries using a molecular-docking solvation mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Activating non-coordinating solvents through hydrogen bond interactions (Fδ-–Hδ+ or Hδ+–Oδ-) by blending with fluorinated benzenes or halide alkane compounds.
  • Implementing a molecular-docking solvation strategy to create dynamic Li+-solvent coordination.
  • Synthesizing and testing 25 novel electrolyte formulations based on the proposed design.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high lithium plating/stripping Coulombic efficiencies in the developed electrolytes.
  • Achieved promising capacity retentions in both full cells and pouch cells, indicating enhanced stability.
  • The molecular-docking approach successfully promoted fast Li+ reaction kinetics and suppressed undesirable electrode side reactions.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular-docking electrolyte design strategy effectively enhances Li+ kinetics and stability in non-coordinating solvents.
  • This approach provides a pathway for developing advanced electrolytes for high-voltage lithium batteries.
  • The study validates the molecular-docking solvation mechanism for designing next-generation energy storage solutions.