Biological strategies supporting the orthopaedic treatment

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Musculoskeletal injuries significantly impact patient mobility and quality of life.
• Effective orthopedic treatment requires consideration of anatomical, physiological, and biomechanical factors influencing tissue healing.
• Traditional treatments can be enhanced by biological therapies that promote tissue microarchitecture regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review commonly used orthobiologics, focusing on those rich in mesenchymal cells and growth factors.
• To present the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of these orthobiologics.
• To discuss the clinical effectiveness of various orthobiologic treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of orthobiologics.
• Analysis of mesenchymal cell sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, tenocytes, umbilical cord, urine, bursa).
• Review of growth factor-based therapies and tissue-level matrices.

Main Results:

• Mesenchymal cell-based orthobiologics and growth factors offer promising avenues for tissue repair.
• Orthobiologics function at both cellular and tissue levels to facilitate healing.
• Clinical evidence supports the use of these agents in various orthopedic applications.

Conclusions:

• Orthobiologics are crucial adjuncts to traditional orthopedic treatments, improving tissue regeneration.
• Understanding the molecular basis and clinical outcomes is key to optimizing orthobiologic therapies.
• These biological approaches hold significant potential for restoring function and enhancing patient recovery.