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Stabilized Hf-doped Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrode for efficient degradation of tetracycline
Danni Li1, Xin Guo1, Xiang Shao1
1State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Processes, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China.
Hafnium-doped electrodes significantly enhance electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for treating refractory organic wastewater. The optimized Ti/Sb-SnO2-6%Hf electrode efficiently degrades tetracycline (TC) by over 99% within 2 hours, offering a promising industrial solution.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science: Development of novel electrode materials for advanced oxidation.
- Environmental Engineering: Application of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for wastewater treatment.
- Electrochemistry: Investigation of electrode properties and reaction mechanisms.
Background:
- Refractory organic wastewater poses significant environmental challenges.
- Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective for degrading persistent pollutants.
- Developing stable and efficient electrodes is crucial for EAOPs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize hafnium (Hf)-doped Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes.
- To evaluate the performance of these electrodes in tetracycline (TC) degradation via EAOP.
- To elucidate the degradation mechanism and pathways of TC.
Main Methods:
- Sol-gel method for preparing Ti/Sb-SnO2-Hf electrodes with varying Hf content.
- Electrochemical characterization including oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and stability tests.
- Batch experiments to assess TC degradation efficiency under various conditions (current density, electrolyte concentration, pH, initial concentration) and LC-MS analysis for pathway elucidation.
Main Results:
- The Ti/Sb-SnO2-6%Hf electrode exhibited a flat surface, increased OEP (2.482 V), and enhanced stability (321.05% longer life).
- Optimal conditions achieved 99.66% TC removal within 2 hours, following first-order kinetics.
- Degradation primarily occurred via indirect oxidation mediated by hydroxyl radicals (·OH), with proposed pathways involving decarboxylation, deamidation, and ring-opening.
Conclusions:
- Hf doping significantly improves the performance and stability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes for EAOP.
- The Ti/Sb-SnO2-6%Hf electrode is highly effective for degrading tetracycline in wastewater.
- This study provides a novel, efficient electrocatalyst and a strategic approach for industrial wastewater treatment applications.
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